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Objective To explore an objective evaluation model for the elderly extremity muscle strength. Methods Evaluation index system of extremity muscle strength was established by analyzing the structure and movement mechanism of the limbs of the elderly,and an evaluation model of extremity muscle strength of the elderly based on entropy weight-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation was proposed.More-over,the muscle strength data of the elderly are collected by the hand-held dynamometry MicroFet3.Results The entropy weight method was used to obtain the objective weight of each index,and the disadvantages of the given weight by the expert in the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were eliminated, which could effectively assist the doctor to give the correct evaluation. Conclusion Actual examples showed that the proposed evaluation model is effective and objective,which helps to overcome the subjectivity of manual muscle testing to achieve the rehabilitation treatment and classification management of the elderly.A new idea is put forward to evaluate the strength of the ex-tremity in the elderly.
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Objective To quantitatively assess the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly. Methods From December, 2016 to March, 2017, 50 old subjects were enrolled. The evaluation indexes of lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly were determined as hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors and ankle plantarflexors with the hand-held dynamometry. The data of 50 subjects were collected and the grey relational analysis model was used to make the decision and evaluation. The grading criteria for lower limb muscle strength of the elderly were given by Manual Muscle Test. Results Totally, 13 elderly subjects were well-matched, and the other 37 subjects were mildly disordered. Conclusion Based on the need for quantitative assessment of muscle strength of the lower limbs in the elderly, an objective evaluation model of the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly was es-tablished, which facilitated to grade the elderly lower extremity muscle strength and then to carry out different rehabilitation guidance.
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Objective To quantitatively assess the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly. Methods From December, 2016 to March, 2017, 50 old subjects were enrolled. The evaluation indexes of lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly were determined as hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors, hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors and ankle plantarflexors with the hand-held dynamometry. The data of 50 subjects were collected and the grey relational analysis model was used to make the decision and evaluation. The grading criteria for lower limb muscle strength of the elderly were given by Manual Muscle Test. Results Totally, 13 elderly subjects were well-matched, and the other 37 subjects were mildly disordered. Conclusion Based on the need for quantitative assessment of muscle strength of the lower limbs in the elderly, an objective evaluation model of the lower extremity muscle strength of the elderly was es-tablished, which facilitated to grade the elderly lower extremity muscle strength and then to carry out different rehabilitation guidance.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the major risk factors for congenital heart disease (CHD) in Chinese neonates and to provide a reference for the prevention of CHD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A literature search was performed to collect the case-control studies on the risk factors for CHD in Chinese neonates published in 2001-2016. The relevant data were extracted accordingly. The quality of included studies was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using different models to analyze the same data. The publication bias was assessed by Egger's test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 17 case-control studies involving 2 930 cases and 4 952 controls were included. The Meta analysis showed that the major risk factors for CHD in Chinese neonates were as follows: mother with advanced age (OR=2.649, 95%CI: 1.675-4.189), cold or fever (OR=4.558, 95%CI: 2.901-7.162), medication use in early pregnancy (OR=3.961, 95%CI: 2.816-5.573), passive smoking (OR=2.766, 95%CI: 1.982-3.859), abnormal childbearing history (OR=2.992, 95%CI: 1.529-5.856), noise exposure (OR=3.030, 95%CI: 1.476-6.217), radiation exposure (OR=2.363, 95%CI: 1.212-4.607), decoration (OR=4.979, 95%CI: 3.240-7.653), gestational diabetes (OR=5.090, 95%CI: 3.132-8.274), and pet raising (OR=2.048, 95%CI: 1.385-3.029).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mothers with advanced age, cold or fever, medication use in early pregnancy, passive smoking, abnormal childbearing history, noise exposure, radiation exposure, decoration, gestational diabetes, and pet raising may increase the risk of CHD in Chinese neonates.</p>
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Humans , Infant, Newborn , Case-Control Studies , Heart Defects, Congenital , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has been reported in B-cell lymphoma patients with resolved hepatitis B (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-negative and hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb]-positive). This study aimed to assess HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with resolved hepatitis B receiving rituximab-containing chemotherapy compared with HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients to identify risk factors for HBV reactivation and hepatitis occurrence and to analyze whether HBV reactivation and hepatitis affect the survival of DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We reviewed the clinical data of 278 patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab-containing therapy between January 2004 and May 2008 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China. Predictive factors for HBV reactivation, hepatitis development, and survival were examined by univariate analysis using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 278 patients, 165 were HBsAg-negative. Among these 165 patients, 6 (10.9%) of 55 HBcAb-positive (resolved HBV infection) patients experienced HBV reactivation compared with none (0%) of 110 HBcAb-negative patients (P = 0.001). Patients with resolved hepatitis B had a higher hepatitis occurrence rate than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients (21.8% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.013). HBcAb positivity and elevated baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were independent risk factors for hepatitis. Among the 55 patients with resolved hepatitis B, patients with elevated baseline serum ALT or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were more likely to develop hepatitis than those with normal serum ALT or AST levels (P = 0.037, P = 0.005, respectively). An elevated baseline AST level was an independent risk factor for hepatitis in these patients. Six patients with HBV reactivation recovered after immediate antiviral therapy, and chemotherapy was continued. HBcAb positivity, HBV reactivation, or hepatitis did not negatively affect the survival of DLBCL patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DLBCL patients with resolved hepatitis B may have a higher risk of developing HBV reactivation and hepatitis than HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-negative patients. Close monitoring and prompt antiviral therapy are required in these patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B virus , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Mortality , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Rituximab , Virus ActivationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Available information on the background of the current state and advances of the intestinal lymph trans port of medicines were reviewed. Drug transported by the intestinal lymphatic system can avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism, increase the bioavalibitlty of the highly lipophilic drug, and it is of importance for immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-infective drugs. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published recent years, analysis and summaries are made upon the advances and methods applied for the increase of the intestinal lymph transport. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intestinal lymphatic transport can increase the bioavailability via a reduction in the first-pass metabolism and the possibility of specifically targeting drugs to regions of the lymphatics, thus it is very advantageous for drugs that are under significant first-pass metabolism. The present review embodies a brief background of the mechanism of access of drugs to the intestinal lymph, a discussion on the links between lipid absorption and transport of highly lipophilic drugs, and approaches for enhancing lymphatic drug transport. Finally, experimental models of the lymphatic transport are also discussed.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of rituximab-based salvage chemotherapy in the treatment of relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-nine patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL were treated by rituximab-based salvage chemotherapy, including 40 male and 29 female patients with a median age of 51.5 years (range 17 to 82 years). All the patients had prior treatments including of EPOCH, ICE, DHAP, GEMOX, and GDP. Twenty-seven patients also received rituximab treatment as the first-line regimen.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The objective response (OR) rate was 73.4% (47/64) in these patients with a complete response (CR) rate of 45.3%. The major adverse effects included bone marrow suppression, fatigue, and gastrointestinal toxicity. The side effects of rituximab were mild, including chill, fever and fatigue. The median follow-up was 40.6 (3.7-179.9) months. Twenty-eight patients died of tumor progression and two died from grade 4 myelosuppression accompanied by severe systemic infection. The median survival was 51.6 (3.7-179.9) months in this group. The 1, 3 and 5-year overall survival was 92%, 62% and 37%, respectively, and in patients without rituximab as the first line treatment, the overall survival at 1 and 3 years (97.4% and 73.5%) was much better than that in rituximab-treated patients (83.1% and 42.8%) (P=0.001). The patients of GCB subtype had better survival compared to the non-GCB subtype, with the 5-year overall survival of 42.3% and 21.4%, respectively (P=0.005).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rituximab-based salvage regimens are effective and well tolerable, but further clinical trial is warranted.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Follow-Up Studies , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Drug Therapy , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Drug Therapy , Rituximab , Salvage TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the combined regimen of docetaxel, 5-Fu and DDP (TPF) in the treatment of advanced or relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent/metastatic NPC following chemotherapy or radiotherapy were enrolled. Both docetaxel and DDP were administered intravenously for 6 hours at the dose of 70 mg/m2 on D1. 5-Fu was given at a dose of 400-500 mg/m2 for 6 hours from D1 to D5. Dexamethasone was routinely administered before injection of docetaxel. This combination was repeated every 3 to 4 weeks, and continued for 4-6 cycles or until PD for the responders.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-one (91.1%) patients were evaluable for response assessment. The response rate for whole group was 72.5% (37/51) with a CR rate of 9.8% (5/51). The stable disease accounted for 17.6% (9/51). There were 17(30.4%) chemotherapy-naïve patients. The overall response rate in those was 82.4% with a CR rate of 29.4%. However, the response rate for previously treated patients was 64.7% without CR. Twelve patients had progressed disease, including 5 (8.9%) died of disease progression with a median follow-up of 11 month (ranged from 1 to 19 months). Totally, 196 courses of chemotherapy were administered. The major toxicity was myelosupression, nausea/vomiting. The incidence of leucopenia was 48% with 22.2% of these in NCI grade II or IV. But only 2 patients (3.6%) experienced leucopenia with a fever. Other mild toxicities including alopecia, asthenia, mucositis and diarrhea were also observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our preliminary outcome shows docetaxel, 5-Fu and DDP combination is effective and safe for the patients with advanced or relapsed nasopharyngeal carcinoma. But further clinical study is warranted.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Cisplatin , Fluorouracil , Follow-Up Studies , Leukopenia , Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Nausea , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Remission Induction , TaxoidsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy and toxicity of CEOP regimen in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1995 to December 2000, 121 patients with NHL were treated by CEOP regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analysed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of these 121 patients, 83 (68.6%) had B-cell NHL and 38(31.4%) peripheral T or NK-cell NHL; 55. 4% (67/121) had early disease (stage I or II), and 89.3% (108/121) had IPI score 0-2. The median age was 53 years (range: 7-79 yr). All patients were treated by CEOP regimen (totally, 471 cycles) with or without radiotherapy. The overall response (OR) rate in this series was 90.9% (110/121) with a complete remission (CR) rate of 71.9% (87/121); whereas the response rate of chemotherapy alone was 88.4% (107/121) with a CR rate of 67.8% (82/121). Major toxicity consisted of grade III-IV myelosuppression (11.9%), neutropenia (1.9%) and thrombocytopenia and anemia (1.1%). Alopecia was observed in 46.3%. However, cardiotoxicity was mild and reversible. Median follow-up duration in this series was 63 months (range: 2-116 months). The overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate was 84.8%, 62.7% and 55.9%, respectively, with a median survival time of 85 months (2-118 months).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our data show that CEOP regimen combined with or without radiotherapy for the involved field is effective and well tolerated by the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Alopecia , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Combined Modality Therapy , Cyclophosphamide , Therapeutic Uses , Epirubicin , Therapeutic Uses , Follow-Up Studies , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Lymphoma, T-Cell , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Radiotherapy , Neoplasm Staging , Neutropenia , Prednisone , Therapeutic Uses , Remission Induction , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Thrombocytopenia , Vincristine , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search and identify the non-steroid receptor binding cis-acting elements in the L-plastin promoter in prostate cancer, and the correlative regulation pathway and transcription factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>On the basis of construction of the L-plastin promoter luciferase vectors which were removed the steroid hormone receptor AR and ER binding elements, the promoter on the vector was nest-deleted by Exonuclease III and the relative luciferase plasmids were constructed. Transfected these twelve plasmids into prostate cancer cell line LNCaP under dihydrotestosterone-stimulated situation or not and test the intensity of luciferase, then we got the regulation message of every 200 bp part of the promoter in prostate cancer. After the analysis of relative programme, we got the possible regu- lation pathway of non-steroid hormone transcription factors. After removing the possible transcription factors binding site sequence by site-specific mutagenesis, the changes luciferase of activities proved our reasoning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We succeed in segmental deletion of the L-plastin promoter, and constructing the relative plasmids containing part L-plastin promoter on luciferase vector pGL3-basic. After testing the luciferase activities of constructed plasmids, we found the sequence from 206 to 1 of L-plastin promoter had significant luciferase activity. The software TRANSFECT showed that there were binding elements for transcription factors AP-4 at seq-198 to 192 and SP-1 at seq-54 to 41 on the short part promoter (206 to 1). The recombinant plasmids deleted the AP-4 and SP-1 binding elements had lower luciferase activity than the wild-type.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are some other non-steroid hormone pathway to regulate the expression of L-plastin except the steroid hormone pathway in prostate cancer. The main binding sites of the non-steroid hormone regulator lies in the sequence from 206 to 1. Transcription factors AP4 and SP-1 may up-regulated the expression of L-plastin by binding these sites.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , DNA-Binding Proteins , Physiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Luciferases , Metabolism , Membrane Glycoproteins , Microfilament Proteins , Phosphoproteins , Genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic , Genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms , Metabolism , Response Elements , Transcription Factors , Physiology , Transfection , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the effectiveness and toxicity of combined chemotherapy regimen containing pirarubicin (THP) in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundred and ninety two patients with NHL were treated by THP containing regimen with or without involved field radiotherapy. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival rates were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age of the patients was 47 (5 - 87) years and 26.0% aged more than 60 years. 61.0% of the patients were males and 39.0% females. B-cell and T/NK cell NHL accounted for 68.4% and 23.2% respectively with 56.9% of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and 12.5% of peripheral T cell lymphoma. 92.6% of the patients were ECOG < 1, 63.2% in stage I + II, 84.7% with IPI score 0 - 2 and 25% with B symptoms, 93.9% (368/392) of the patients received CTOP (containing THP) regimen chemotherapy and among them 28.5% (112/392) plus involved field radiotherapy. Altogether 1598 courses were administered on 368 patients. The overall response rate was 88.5% (341/385) with a complete remission (CR) rate of 63.6%, major toxicity was myelosuppression with 12.8%, 1.0% and 1.5% of grade III - IV neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and anemia, respectively. G-CSF support was given for 553 courses (34.6%). Alopecia account for 19.8%. The incidence of mild cardiotoxicity was 5.8%. Treatment-related mortality was 1.6% (6/368). Median follow-up was 24 months. The 1, 3 and 5 year actuarial survival rates were 86.4% , 66.5% and 59.2%, respectively. Median survival time has not been achieved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficacy of THP based regimen CTOP for the treatment of aggressive NHL is promising. Further clinical trial is warranted.</p>